Histopathological analysis of gastric mucosal biopsies in non ulcer dyspepsia

Objective: To find out the pattern of gastric mucosal histopathological findings in gastric biopsies of patients with non ulcer dyspepsia

Study Design: Prospective descriptive study

Place and Duration of Study: Histopathology department Combined Military Hospital [CMH] Kharian Pakistan from Jan to Dec 2015

Material and Methods: One hundred patients presenting at outpatient gastroenterology department with dyspepsia having no endoscopic lesion were included in the study. Two gastric mucosal biopsies from antrum and two from corpus were taken. The specimens were processed and examined histologically to see the changes

Results: Gastric biopsies of 100 patients including 65 males and 35 females presenting with non ulcer dyspepsia were studied. Most of the patients were between the age group of 31-50 years. Histological examination of gastric biopsies revealed 70% of patients having histological features of gastritis, while 30% having no significant histological finding. Chronic inflammation was seen in 70 cases [70%], activity in 15 cases [15%], glandular atrophy in 2 cases [2%] and intestinal metaplasia in 2 cases [2%]. H.Pylori were identified in 25 cases [25%] based on haematoxylin and eosin [H and E] staining and modified giemsa staining

Conclusion: Most the cases of non ulcer dyspepsia show histological evidence of gastritis, however a significant number of patients showed no gastric mucosal histological abnormality. A significantly low frequency of H. Pylori in gastric biopsies noted in non ulcer dyspepsia cases may be due to more frequent use of antibiotics and acid suppressant drugs used by general practitioners at some stage of disease

Missing teeth among school going children in a Peshawar sample

Congenitally missing teeth is the most common craniofacial malformation. It is present either individually or associated with syndrome. Hypodontia occur as a result of multifactorial trait, influenced by a combination of gene function, environmental interaction, hence vary among different ethnic regions. This study aims to determine the prevalence of missing teeth among the school going children in Peshawar, its occurrence rate among male and female and distribution of missing teeth in upper and lower jaw. This was a cross sectional study conducted with 780 school going children from age ranged 13 to 15 years. The data were recorded on a structured check list, analyzed by using SPSS version 15 and Micro Soft Excel. Out of total only 30 students were diagnosed as having missing teeth and accounted for 3.8% prevalence [3.0% in female, and 1.5% in male]. Left mandibular site accounted highest frequency 10[33.3%]. Mandibular 2nd premolar was the most commonly observed missing tooth among the sampled students. Hypodontia was more prevalent in females, though not significantly differ

Smear layer and sealing ability of three root canal sealers

The purpose of this study was to determine the sealing ability of three individual sealers and to compare the sealing ability of these sealers in the presence and absence of smear layer. Total of sixty single rooted mandibular first premolar teeth were used. The crowns were removed at the cemento-enamel junction and roots prepared to # 35 K-file. The teeth were randomly divided into two equal groups A and B. The smear layer was removed from group B with EDTA [17%] and NaOCl [5.25%] but it was not removed in group A. Group A was then divided into three sub-groups, Al, A2 and A3. Group B was also divided into three sub-groups, Bl, B2 and B3. Each sub-group consisted of 10 specimens. In sub-groups Al andBl, AH Plus sealer, in sub-groups A2 and B2, Ketac-endo sealer and in sub-groups A3 and B3, Roth sealer was used and obturated withguttapercha using lateral condensation technique. After storage in 100% humidity at 37°C for one week, the root surfaces were coated with nail polish [except at the apex] and suspended in 2% methylene blue dye solution for one week. The roots were sectioned logitudinally to determine the following mean levels of dye penetration, Al -2.675 mm, Bl -2.092mm,A2-2.346mmB2endo-4.520mm,A3-4.929mm,B3-3.372mm.This study has illustrated that Ketac-Endo sealer provides significantly better seal in the presence of smear layer than in the absence of smear layer. Moreover it gave better seal than Roth 801 sealer in the presence of smear layer